UNIX Commands Part 1: File Maintenance tools

UNIX Commands Part 1: File Maintenance tools

Log in to the UNIX-like operating system of your choice to get started. When you log in, you should automatically start in your user's home directory. The examples use the tuser (Test User) username.

man: man stands for manual;

$ man ls

ls:

$ ls

$ ls -l

$ ls -a

$ ls -R

cd:

$ cd Documents

$ cd /tmp

$ cd /home/tuser

Special directory names

$ cd ..

$ cd ~

pwd:

$ pwd

mkdir, rmdir:

$ mkdir TUTORIAL

$ cd TUTORIAL

$ pwd

$ ls

$ cd ~/TUTORIAL

$ pwd

Directory layout:

/home (or /users)

/etc

/bin

/sbin

/usr

/car

/tmp

Files -

touch:

$ cd ~/TUTORIAL

$ touch example.txt

cp:

$ cp example.txt /tmp/

$ ls /tmp/

$ cp /tmp/example.txt ./example2.txt

$ ls

mv:

$ mv example2.txt /tmp/.

rm:

$ rm /tmp/example.txt

$ rm /tmp/example2.txt

$ ls /tmp/

Ownership and permissions

chown, chgrp:

$ man chown

$ man chgrp

$ chown tuser example.txt

$ chgrp admin example.txt

chmod:

$ ls -l

-rw-r--r--1 tuser admin 0 Aug 13 15:35 example.txt

----------1 tuser admin 0 Aug 13 15:35 example.txt

A file that has all permissions turned on reads this way:

-rwxrwxrwx 1 tuser admin 0 Aug 13 15:35 example.txt

$ man chmod

$ chmod og-r example.txt

$ ls -l

You should see this result:

-rw-------1 tuser admin 0 Aug 13 15:35 example.txt

Dealing with multiple files  -

$ cp example.txt example2.txt

$ cp example.txt script.sh

$ ls *.txt

$ ls exa*

Recursion:

$ cd ~

$ cp -R TUTORIAL /tmp/.

$ ls /tmp/TUTORIAL/

$ rm -R /tmp/TUTORIAL/

$ ls /tmp/

Archives and compression -

tar:

$ cd ~

$ tar cvf /tmp/tutorial.tar TUTORIAL

$ ls /tmp/

$ ls

$ tar cvf tutorial

$ ls

$ rm -R /tmp/TUTORIAL

gzip:

$ gzip tutorial.tar

$ ls

$ gzip -d tutorial.tar.gz

The file system and file sizes:

df:

$ df -h

$ ls -lh

du:

$ cd ~

$ du -sk *

$ du -sh *

mount:

$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

$ df

$ ls /mnt/cdrom

umount:

$ umount /mnt/cdrom

$ df

$ ls /mnt/cdrom

Redirection

$ cd ~/TUTORIAL

$ ls > listing.txt

$ ls

cat:

$ cat listing.txt

more:

$ ls /etc/ > listing2.txt

$ cat listing2.txt

$ more listing2.txt

head and tail:

$ head listing2.txt

$ tail listing2.txt

$ head -n 2 listing2.txt

grep:

$ grep host listing2.txt

pipe:

$ ls /etc/ | grep host

$ du -sh /etc/* | more